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. 2014 Apr 15;3:e28398. doi: 10.4161/onci.28398

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Copyright © 2014 Landes Bioscience

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

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graphic file with name onci-3-e28398-g1.jpg — Figure 1. Main cancer-promoting functions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Tumors are infiltrated by immune cells that support tumor growth by: 1) promoting angiogenesis; 2) driving immunosuppression; and 3) stimulating extracellular matrix remodeling. CCL, (C-C) motif chemokine; DC, dendritic cell; ECM, extracellular matrix; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IL-10, interleukin-10; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.