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Urinary DPD/CREA (urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio) in children with LCPD in different Waldenström stages. The control level is denoted by the hatched line. DPD is a degradation product of type I collagen; a decrease in its urinary excretion indicates a decrease in bone turnover. Thus, there is decreased bone turnover in children with LCPD during the avascular and fragmentation phases of the disease (Data from Westhoff et al. [131]).
