. 2014 Jun 13;13:52. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-52

Table 3.

Associations between selected traffic-related hazardous air pollutants and cervical dysplasia

Pollutant	*Prevalence aOR [95% CI]**
Benzene
Low (<25^th percentile)	1.00
Medium (25^th-74^th percentile)	1.39 [0.83, 2.32]
High (75^th-89^th percentile)	1.97 [1.07, 3.62]
Very high (≥90^th percentile)	2.30 [1.19, 4.46]
	P for trend = 0.005
DPM
Low (<25^th percentile)	1.00
Medium (25^th-74^th percentile)	1.41 [0.84, 2.37]
High (75^th-89^th percentile)	2.83 [1.55, 5.16]
Very high (≥90^th percentile)	2.10 [1.07, 4.11]
	P for trend = 0.002
PAHs
Low (<25^th percentile)	1.00
Medium (25^th-74^th percentile)	1.30 [0.77, 2.20]
High (75^th-89^th percentile)	2.46 [1.35, 4.48]
Very high (≥90^th percentile)	1.88 [0.94, 3.73]
	P for trend = 0.006
HAP composite
Low (score 0–2)	1.00
Medium (score 3–6)	1.78 [1.11, 2.84]
High (score 7–9)	2.30 [1.28, 4.13]
	P for trend = 0.004

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; DPM, diesel particulate matter; PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; HAP, hazardous air pollutant.

*Odds ratios adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and status of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.