Table 1.

Age-adjusted characteristics of study participants according to cruciferous vegetable intake (the Shanghai Women’s Health Study^a)

	Quintiles of Cruciferous Vegetable Intake (g/day)					P trendb
	≤ 42.5 (n=201)	42.6–68.4 (n=201)	68.5–98.8 (n=201)	98.9–140.5 (n=201)	>140.6 (n=201)
	mean±standard deviation
Age (y)	57.4 ±9.0	58.1±8.5	58.8±8.7	57.4±8.7	58.7±9.0	0.29
	%
Education, ≥high school	33.4	33.3	32.7	30.8	31.5	0.96
Occupation, manual laborer	62.6	59.7	57.2	56.3	51.7	0.15
Cigarette smoker	5.6	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.6	0.57
Regular alcohol consumption	3.7	1.6	4.1	3.1	2.3	0.59
Postmenopausal	72.5	72.5	76.5	75.3	77.3	0.13
History of infectious/inflammatory disease	55.8	61.7	58.1	59.4	66.1	0.25
Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use	2.6	2.2	4.9	2.0	5.4	0.17
Multivitamin supplement use	17.4	17.7	17.1	20.9	21.1	0.64
Season of interview
Spring	21.4	26.3	21.9	23.7	19.8	0.47
Summer	33.3	26.4	26.1	26.5	23.3
Fall	22.5	22.6	20.0	21.1	24.9
Winter	22.8	24.9	32.1	28.7	32.0
	mean±standard error
Body mass index	24.5±0.2	24.9±0.2	24.8 ±0.2	24.4±0.2	24.6±0.2	0.75
Charlson comorbidity score	0.38±0.05	0.25±0.05	0.32±0.05	0.23±0.05	0.30±0.05	0.23
Physical activity (METc hour/week)	4.4±0.8	6.3±0.8	6.9±0.8	7.8±0.8	8.8±0.8	<0.0001
Dietary intake
Total calories (kcal/d)	1,619.0±28.5	1,664.5±28.5	1,703.7±28.5	1,728.3±28.5	1,601.4±28.5	0.75
All fruits combined (g/d)	184.7±11.2	245.3±11.2	236.1±11.2	249.2±11.2	272.9±11.2	<0.0001
All vegetables combined (g/d)	150.5±8.2	217.5±8.2	265.3±8.2	324.8±8.2	463.7±8.2	<0.0001
Noncruciferous vegetables (g/d)	123.7±7.3	161.1±7.3	182.5±7.3	206.0±7.3	259.3±7.3	<0.0001
Red meats (g/d)	42.2±2.0	42.2±2.0	53.7±2.0	47.4±2.0	43.6±2.0	0.21

^aExcept for the mean age, data were standardized to the age distribution.

^bGeneralized linear models were used for continuous variables, and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel χ² test was used for categorical variables.

^cMET=metabolic equivalent.