Table 4.

Multivariable-adjusted concentrations of biomarkers according to quintiles of cruciferous vegetable intake stratified by GST genotype (the Shanghai Women’s Health Study^a)

Quintiles of Cruciferous Vegetable Intakeb	GSTT1 Genotype				GSTM1 Genotype
	Null (n =508)		Present (n=494)		Null (n =597)		Present (n=407)
	Geometric mean±SEEc	Difference (%)d	Geometric mean±SEEc	Difference (%)d	Geometric mean±SEEc	Difference (%)d	Geometric mean±SEEc	Difference (%)d
TNF-αe (pg/mL)
Q1	6.38±1.08	Reference	6.63±1.08	Reference	6.71±1.08	Reference	5.99±1.08	Reference
Q2	6.15±1.07	−3.61	6.22±1.08	−6.18	5.91±1.07	−11.92	6.86±1.08	14.52
Q3	6.22±1.07	−2.51	6.25±1.08	−5.73	6.58±1.07	−1.94	5.87±1.08	−2.00
Q4	5.53±1.08	−13.32	4.99±1.08	−24.74f	5.04±1.07	−24.89f	5.66±1.09	−5.51
Q5	5.43±1.08	−14.89	5.61±1.08	−15.38	6.09±1.07	−9.24	4.86±1.09	−18.86
Ptrend		0.09		0.02		0.13		0.03
Pinteraction		0.50				0.79
IL-1βg (pg/mL)
Q1	1.57±1.15	Reference	1.41±1.13	Reference	1.48±1.14	Reference	1.38±1.14	Reference
Q2	1.28±1.13	−18.47	1.52±1.12	7.80	1.39±1.12	−6.08	1.45±1.14	5.07
Q3	1.14±1.13	−27.39	1.23±1.13	−12.77	1.21±1.13	−18.24	1.16±1.13	−15.94
Q4	1.26±1.13	−19.75	0.93±1.13	−34.04f	1.04±1.12	−29.73	1.18±1.16	−14.49
Q5	1.26±1.14	−19.75	1.05±1.13	−25.53	1.33±1.13	−10.14	0.98±1.15	−28.99
Ptrend		0.33		0.01		0.20		0.05
Pinteraction		0.17				0.63
IL-6 (pg/mL)
Q1	4.87±1.14	Reference	4.76±1.24	Reference	5.29±1.13	Reference	4.04±1.14	Reference
Q2	3.76±1.12	−22.79	3.93±1.12	−17.44	3.68±1.11	−30.43	4.12±1.14	1.98
Q3	3.38±1.12	−30.60	3.19±1.13	−32.98f	3.97±1.12	−24.95	2.66±1.13	−34.16
Q4	3.80±1.12	−21.97	3.00±1.12	−36.97f	3.38±1.11	−36.11f	3.54±1.16	−12.38
Q5	3.32±1.13	−31.83	3.78±1.13	−20.59	3.50±1.12	−33.84	3.71±1.15	−8.17
Ptrend		0.08		0.06		0.02		0.38
Pinteraction		0.82				0.48

^aAdjusted for age; education; occupation; cigarette smoking; alcohol consumption; physical activity; body mass index; menopausal status; vitamin supplement use; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use; intakes of all fruits combined, noncruciferous vegetables, red meat, and total energy; Charlson comorbidity score; history or presence of other infectious/inflammatory diseases; use of antibiotics, vitamin supplements, or NSAIDs in the 24 hours before sample collection; and assay batch using general linear regression models.

^bThe quintile distribution of cruciferous vegetable intake was used to categorize participants into five groups. Quintile cutoffs for cruciferous vegetable intake were 42.5, 68.4, 98.8, and 140.5 g/d.

^cSEE=standard error of estimation.

^dDifference (%)=(geometric mean of the biomarker in each higher quintile of cruciferous vegetable intake–geometric mean in the lowest quintile)/geometric mean in the lowest quintile.

^eTNF-α=tumor necrosis factor-α.

^fCompared with Q1 (the lowest quintile), P<0.05.

^gIL-1β=interleukin-1β.