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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 19.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Jul;1258:149–158. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06563.x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of EPEC-induced diarrhea. After attachment to epithelial cells, EPEC inject effector proteins (red hexagons) into host cell cytosol. Several effectors mediate tight junction disruption by driving occludin (shown in blue) dephosphorylation and localization to the cytosol. Inhibition of the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), the anion exchanger downregulated-in-adenoma (DRA), and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3) leads to an increase in luminal sodium and chloride concentrations and ensuing net water loss.