Figure 4.

Potential clinical applications of novel kisspeptin-based modulation of LH secretion. Schematic presentation of LH pulses in health and in reproductive endocrine disorders. In health, an LH pulse occurs about every 90 min. The frequency of LH pulses is diminished in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhoea, male hypogonadism and pubertal delay, whereas LH pulse frequency is enhanced in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, menopause and precocious puberty. Therapeutic opportunities to correct abnormal LH pulse frequency by manipulating KNDy neurones with relevant agonists and antagonists are emerging. PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.