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. 2014 Jun 13;7:1033–1042. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S63145

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© 2014 Yang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Changes in activation of proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways.

Notes: Expression of the components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways were detected by Western blot in both 231 and 231/Gem.

Abbreviations: 231, human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231; 231/Gem, chemoresistant human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231/gemcitabine; AKT, protein kinase B; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; p, phosphorylated; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.