Table 1.
Characteristics of controls and patients with Barrett’s esophagus
| Variables | Categories | Controls (n=138) | BE Cases (n=141) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age, years | Mean (s.d.) | 61.6 (6.9) | 62.8 (6.7) | 0.16 |
| Sex | 0.72 | |||
| Male | 134 (97.1) | 138 (97.9) | ||
| Female | 4 (2.9) | 3 (2.1) | ||
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| White | 89 (64.5) | 126 (89.4) | ||
| African American | 44 (31.9) | 12 (8.5) | ||
| Other | 5 (3.6) | 3 (2.1) | ||
| WHR ratio* | 0.03 | |||
| High | 118 (85.5) | 132 (93.6) | ||
| Low | 20 (14.5) | 9 (6.4) | ||
| Smoking status | 0.92 | |||
| Non-smoker | 33 (25.2) | 30 (23.1) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 61 (46.6) | 62 (47.7) | ||
| Current smoker | 37 (28.2) | 38 (29.2) | ||
| Missing | 7 | 11 | ||
| Combined frequency of current GERD symptoms and current PPIs | <0.001 | |||
| < weekly GERD, no PPI | 93 (70.6) | 41 (31.3) | ||
| < weekly GERD, yes PPI | 29 (22.0) | 62 (47.3) | ||
| ≥ weekly GERD, no PPI | 4 (3.0) | 3 (2.3) | ||
| ≥ weekly GERD, yes PPI | 66 (4.5) | 25 (19.1) | ||
| Missing | 6 | 10 | ||
| NSAID use | 0.84 | |||
| Ever | 82 (62.1) | 83 (63.4) | ||
| Never | 50 (37.9) | 48 (36.6) | ||
| Missing | 6 | 10 | ||
| H pylori status | 0.002 | |||
| Never | 96 (71.1) | 120 (86.3) | ||
| Ever | 39 (28.9) | 19 (13.7) | ||
| Missing | 3 | 2 | ||
BE, Barrett’s esophagus; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.
*
High WHR cutoff was considered ≥0.90 for males and ≥0.85 for females.