TABLE 3. Chemical/Physical Exposure Hazards by Type of Operation (Identified in Prior NIOSH Research).
Operation | Silica | DPMa | VOCsb/BTEXc | H2S | PAHd | Biocides/Misc.e | Metals/NORMf | Flammable | Physical hazardsg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pad construction | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
Drilling | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Cementing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Stimulation/fracturing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Well testing/completion | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Well servicing | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
Trucking | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
aDiesel particulate matter and other combustible products (NOx/CO/SOx).
bVolatile organic compounds.
cBenzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene.
dPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
eAldehydes, acids, bases, alcohols, surfactants, alcohols, lube oils, and greases.
fNormal occurring radioactive materials.
gNoise, heat, and cold.