Table 1.
Study | Country | Study design | Patients | n | Outcome | Intervention | Follow-up | Results |
Fraser et al[38], 2008 | Israel | Post hoc analysis of a quasi-randomized trial | Obese with diabetes | 259 | Reduction of liver enzymes through diets | 3 diets: | 12 mo | MD determined the greatest reduction of liver enzymes at 6 and 12 mo |
ADA diet | ||||||||
Low-GI diet | ||||||||
Modified MD | ||||||||
Tzima et al[39], 2009 | Greece | Cross-sectional study (The ATTICA Study) | Healthy subejcts | 1514 M | Association of MD with liver enzymes and MS | None | - | Greater adherence to MD determines a moderate association between liver enzymes and MS |
1528 F | ||||||||
Pérez-Guisado et al[42], 2011 | Spain | Prospective study | Obese with NAFLD | 14 | Effect of SKMD on NAFLD | SKMD | 12 wk | SKMD determines reduction of liver enzymes and severity of steatosis |
Ryan et al[40], 2013 | Australia | Randomised cross-over dietary intervention | Non-diabetic NAFLD | 12 | Improvement of liver steatosis | MD | 6 wk | MD reduces liver steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity |
Low-fat/High-carnbohydrate diet | ||||||||
Kontogianni et al[41], 2013 | Greece | Cross-sectional study | NAFLD | 73 | Adherence to MD and severity of NAFLD | None | None | Greater adherence to MD is associated with less severity of NAFLD and lower degree of insulin resistance |
ADA: American Diabetes Association; GI: Glycemic index; MD: Mediterranean diet; MS: Metabolic syndrome; SKMD: Spanish ketogenic Mediterranean diet; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.