Table 1.
Drugs and relative molecular targets, used in clinical trials in thyroid cancer.
| Agent | Molecular Targets |
Authors (Year) | Study Phase | Cancer Subtype/s | No. of pts with TC | No. of pts with PR (%) | No. of pts with SD (%) | Median PFS, Weeks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sorafenib | RAF, VEGFR-1 and -2, RET, PDGFR, c-KIT | Gupta-Abramson et al., 2008 |
II | DTC, MTC | 30 | 7 (23) | 16 (53) | 79 |
| Kloos et al., 2009 | II | DTC (of which 41 PTC) | 56 | 6 (15) | 23 (56) | 60 | ||
| Hoftijzer et al., 2009 | II | DTC | 31 | 8 (25) | 11 (34) | 58 | ||
| Cabanillas et al., 2010 | II | DTC | 15 | 3 (20) | 9 (60) | 79 | ||
| Ahmed et al., 2011 | II | DTC(19), MTC (15) | 34 | 3 (15) | 14 (74) | Not reported |
||
| Brose et al., 2009 | II | DTC (47), MTC (3), ATC (5) | 55 | 18 (38) | 22 (47) | 93,6 overall, 96 for DTC | ||
| Marotta et al., 2013 | II | DTC | 17 | 5 (30) | 7 (41) | 36 | ||
| Schneider et al., 2012 |
II | DTC | 31 | 8 (31) | 11 (42) | 72 | ||
| Savvides et al., 2013 | II | ATC | 20 | 2 (10) | 5 (25) | 7.6 | ||
| Sunitinib | VEGFR-2, PDGFR, c-KIT, RET, CSF-1R, FLT3 | Cohen et al., 2008 | II | DTC (37), MTC (6) | 43 | 4 (11) DTC | 21 (57) DTC 2 (33) MTC |
Not reported |
| Goulart et al., 2008 | II | DTC, MTC | 18 | 7 (38) | Not reported |
|||
| Ravaud et al., 2008 | II | DTC 8, MTC 4, ATC 1 |
17 | 1 (6) | 12 (70) | Not reported |
||
| Carr et al., 2010 | II | DTC 28, MTC 7 | 35 | 10 (29) | 16 (46) | Not reported |
||
| Imatinib | Bcr-abl, RET, PDGFR, c-KIT | de Groot et al., 2007 | II | MTC | 15 | 0 (0) | 4 (27) | Not reported |
| Frank-Raue et al., 2007 | II | MTC | 9 | 0 | 7 (77) (12 weeks) |
Not reported |
||
| Vandetanib | VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, RET, EGFR | Wells et al., 2010 | II | MTC | 30 | 6 (20) | 9 (30) | Not reported |
| Robinson et al., 2010 | II | MTC | 19 | 3 (16) | 10 (53) | Not reported |
||
| Fox et al., 2013 | I/II | MTC | 15 with M918T RET germline mutations | 7 (47) | 1 (7) | Not reported |
||
| Leboulleux et al., 2012 | II | DTC | 72+ 73 placebo |
6 (8) | 41 (57) | 44 | ||
| Motesanib | VEGFR-1, -2, -3, PDGFR, c-KIT | Sherman et al., 2008 | II | DTC | 93 | 13 (14) | 33 (35) - ≥ 24 wks |
40 |
| Schlumberger et al., 2009 | II | MTC | 91 | 2 (2) | 74 (81) - ≥ 24 wks | 48 | ||
| Bass et al., 2010 | II | DTC, MTC | 184 | 11/139 (8) | 113/139 (81) | 40 (DTC), 48 (MTC) |
||
| Axitinib | VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, PDGFR, c-KIT | Cohen et al., 2008 | II | DTC, MTC | 60 | 18 (30) | 23 (28) - ≥ 16 wks |
72.4 |
| Gefitinib | EGFR | Pennell et al., 2008 | II | DTC, MTC | 27 | 0 (0) | 5 (24) - ≥ 24 wks | 14.8 |
| Cabozantinib (XL184) | VEGFR-1 and -2, C-MET, RET, c-KIT, FLT3, and Tie-2 | Kurzrock et al., 2011 | I | MTC | 37 | 10/35 (29) | 15/37 (41) - ≥ 24 wks | Not reported |
| Zhang et al., 2010 | I | MTC | 34 | 14 (41) | 9 (26) - not reported | Not reported |
||
| Cabanillas et al., 2012 | I | DTC | 15 | 8 (53) | 6 (40) | Not reported |
||
| Pazopanib | VEGFR-1, -2, -3, PDGFR, c-KIT | Bible et al., 2010 | II | DTC | 37 | 18 (49) | Not reported |
46.8 |
| Lenvatinib (E7080) | VEGFR-1,-2,-3, PDGFRb, RET, c-KIT, FGFR-1,-2,-3,-4 | Sherman et al., 2011 | II | DTC | 58 | 29 (50) | Not reported |
50.4 |