Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of participants at t1
| Characteristics | Participants (n = 225) |
|
|---|---|---|
| N | % | |
| Male | 168 | 74.7 |
| Type of injury | ||
| Tetraplegia | 91 | 40.4 |
| Motor complete (AIS A or B) | 152 | 67.6 |
| Neurological level | ||
| C1–C4 | 21 | 9.3 |
| C5–Th1 | 50 | 22.2 |
| Th2–Th6 | 48 | 21.3 |
| Th7–Th12 | 58 | 25.7 |
| L1–S4-5 | 48 | 21.3 |
| Presence of shoulder pain before SCI (years/n) | 21 | 9.3 |
| Presence of any shoulder pain (years/n) | 79 | 43.1 |
| Presence of bilateral shoulder pain (years/n) | 55 | 24.4 |
| Presence of limitation in shoulder ROM > 10° (years/n) | 80 | 35.6 |
| Age (years) (mean, range) | 40.7 (18–66) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean, range) | 22.9 (15.5–35.6) | |
| MMT sum score (mean, range) | 42 (0–50) | |
| Spasticity of elbow flexors or extensors score (mean, range) | 0.25(0–5) | |
Values are n (%), or as otherwise indicated.
AIS, ASIA impairment scale; ROM, range of motion; BMI, body mass index; TSI, time since injury; MMT, manual muscle testing.