Table 2.
DNA- and RNA-based prognostic signatures for localized prostate cancer
| Signature (DNA or RNA) | Signature development cohort | Outcomes predicted | Validation in separate cohorts (yes/no) | Evaluated in other treatment modality cohorts | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA-based CNAs for NKX3.1, PTEN, cMYC, StAR | Pre-radiotherapy | BCR | No | Yes: surgery | Zafarana et al35; Locke et al33,34 |
| DNA-based CNA clusters (6 clusters) | Post-surgery recurrence | BCR | No | No | Taylor et al44 |
| RNA 22-gene expression signature | Post-surgery recurrence | M, PCSS, OS | Yes (two cohorts) | No | Cooperberg et al45; Erho et al46 |
| RNA 31-gene expression signature | Post-surgery recurrence post-TURP recurrence | BCR, PCSS | Yes (three cohorts) | Yes (conservatively managed and radiotherapy) | Cuzick et al47 |
| RNA 32-gene expression signature | Post-surgery recurrence | BCR, M | Yes (one cohort) | No | Wu et al48 |
BCR, biochemical recurrence; cMYC, proto-oncogene cMYC; CNA, gene copy number; M, metastases; NKX3.1, novel human prostate-specific, androgen-regulated homeobox gene; OS, overall survival; PCSS, prostate specific-cancer survival; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate.