Fig. 2.

Effects of probiotics on intracellular cytokine production by DCs.

Data are mean ± SE for n = 8 samples from each group. Data were normalised by the Johnson Transformation. There was a significant effect of age (P < 0.05) on expression of TGF-β, TNF-α and IFN-γ and of treatment (P < 0.05) on expression of all cytokines (two-way ANOVA). Significant differences are denoted as ^CP < 0.05 relative to control for the same age group; ^LP < 0.05 relative to B. longum SP 07/3 for the same age group; ^GP < 0.05 relative to L.GG for the same age group (post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction).