Perinatal rAAV2/5-mediated gene transfer to murine airways. (A and B) β-Galactosidase (β-Gal) expression in the airways after fetal and neonatal rAAV2/5 administration (1.0×1010 genome copies [GC]/animal) at 1 month postinjection. (A) Lower airways (lung), showing representative images of the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles). Original magnification, ×200. (B) Upper airways (nose), showing representative images of the proximal nose region (left) and a portion of the nasal epithelium (right) (original magnification: left, ×50; right, ×200). The graphs visualize the average transduction efficiency in the conducting airways and nasal epithelium. For both the lower and upper airways, the relative contribution of the different regions to the total transduction efficiency is visualized by the various shadings described in the legends. Mixed-model ANOVA, mean±SEM, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Scale bars: 100 μm for lung sections; 200 and 100 μm, respectively, for low- and high-magnification nose sections. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/hum