[Table/Fig-4]:

Outcome of relevant studies in favour of LCS

Sl No.	Study	Total pts	Laparoscopic group	Open Group	Conclusion
1	Jacob et al., [2]	219	111	108	Reduced blood loss Early return of intestinal mortality, Lower overall morbidity and shorter hospital stay(HS) in comparison with open surgery
2	COST [5]	872	435	437	Longer operation time(OpT) but quick recovery and shorter HS No significant difference in morbidity and mortality, tumour recurrence or overall survival Safe in expert hands
3	MRC CLASSIC Trial [6]	794	526	268	LCS as effective as open surgery No difference in hospital mortality or quality of life Increased incidence of positive circumferential resection margin but not statistically significant
4	COLOR Trial [7]	1248	627	621	Longer OpT but less blood loss, early recovery of bowel function, fewer analgesic requirement and shorter HS No difference in radicality of tumour resection.
5	Martel G et al., [8] Meta-analysis	5782	3,031	2,751	No difference in recurrence rate, overall mortality and distance metastasis when comparing with open surgery
Sl No.	Study	Total pts	Laparoscopic group	Open Group	Conclusion
6	Prakash et al., [10]	124	62	62	Reduced blood loss Shorter ICU stay Early resumption of oral feeds, shorter hospital stay(HS)
7	Prakash et al., [11]	265	265	-	As experience improved more difficult cases and complex laparoscopic colorectal resection performed
8	Palanivelu et al., [12]	170	170	-	Laparoscopic anterior resection is possible for all levels of rectal tumours with preserving adequate sphincter function and waiting oncological safety.
9	Palanivelu et al., [13]	11	11	-	Single incision multiport laparoscopic surgery is feasible without extra cost of specialised ports of instruments.
10	Puntambekar S et al., [14]	37	37	-	With introduction of Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery, indication for such operation can be widened and difficult operations can be performed easier.
11	Haas EM et al., [27]	54	54 (SILC)	-	SILC is feasible with no increase in operative complications or harmful results even in the early phase of learning curve Anastomotic leak
12	Dehni N et al., [28]	258	Not specified	Not specified	Without faecal diversion-17% With faecal diversion-6.6%