Table 1.

These recommendations are part of the Greek guidelines for osteoporosis and Falls prevention published from Hellenic Osteoporosis Foundation (A, B, C: grade of recommendation).⁶⁶

RECOMMENDATIONS
• The effect of exercise on BMD is area specific. For this reason exercise should be targeted to points of clinical interest (A).
• Aerobic exercise is effective in reducing bone loss in the spine and wrist (A).
• Strength training exercises are effective in reducing bone loss and increasing muscle strength (A).
• Although exercise has proven benefits, the ideal type of exercise, duration and intensity in a Falls prevention program is not yet fully clear (B).
• Exercises that improve balance, including Tai Chi, are effective in populations with a high risk of falling (A).
• In patients who have fallen medications should to be reviewed and modified or discontinued as appropriate in light of the risk of future falls. Particular attention should be given to older people who take four or more medications and those taking psychotropic medications (C).
• The vitamin D supplementation reduces Falls (B).
• Necessary is the evaluation of the house in elderly patients with an increased risk of falling that receive discharge from the hospital in order to facilitate them under new conditions (B).
• There is no direct evidence that the use of assistive devices or educational programs alone helps prevent Falls. Therefore, although it can be effective elements of a multifactorial intervention program, the isolated use without attention to other risk factors cannot be recommended (C).