Figure 4. HIV⁺ _sup ± morphine-mediated neuronal death.

Neurons were repeatedly imaged for 72-treatment neuron count ± SEM. Significance was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test, from n = 6 separate experiments. Over the period of 72 h, in both culture systems, all groups exposed to HIV⁺ _sup showed significantly reduced neuronal survival (*p<0.05 vs. C). Morphine significantly enhanced HIV⁺ _sup-mediated neuronal death (^# p<0.05 vs. H), and the interactive effects of morphine were blocked by naloxone. In the presence of glia, HIV⁺ _sup ± morphine-mediated neuronal death was significantly enhanced (^$ p<0.05 vs. corresponding treatment in neuronal cultures; compare panels). C =  Control_sup; H =  HIV⁺ _sup (p24 = 25 pg/ml); M =  morphine sulfate (500 nM); N =  naloxone (1.5 µM).