Table 2.

Age-adjusted mean levels of plasma glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) by post-partum weight change group: the Diet Exercise and Breastfeeding Intervention (DEBI) study.

	Lost weight	Maintained or gain weight	P for group difference
	Age-adjusted mean (95% CI)	Age-adjusted mean (95% CI)
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l	n = 37	n = 33
At 6 weeks	5.0 (4.8–5.2)	5.1 (4.9–5.3)	0.85
At 12 months	5.2 (5.0–5.4)	5.5 (5.3–5.7)	0.02
Change	0.1 (−0.03 to 0.3)	0.4 (0.3–0.6)	0.007
2-h plasma glucose*, mmol/l	n = 38	n = 33
At 6 weeks	6.4 (5.8–7.0)	5.8 (5.2–6.4)	0.14
At 12 months	5.5 (5.1–6.0)	6.1 (5.6–6.5)	0.13
Change	−0.9 (−1.4 to −0.3)	0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9)	0.005
Fasting plasma insulin, pmol/l	n = 25	n = 20
At 6 weeks	33.3 (24.5–42.2)	50.9 (40.9–60.8)	0.01
At 12 months	47.3 (31.8–62.8)	73.0 (55.5–90.4)	0.04
Change	14.0 (3.4–24.6)	22.1 (10.2–34.1)	0.32
2-h plasma insulin*, pmol/l	n = 27	n = 23
At 6 weeks	207.3 (149.8–264.8)	242.3 (179.7–304.9)	0.43
At 12 months	217.3 (140.6–293.9)	423.4 (340.0–506.9)	0.001
Change	10.0 (−56.9 to 76.9)	181.2 (108.3–254.0)	0.001
HOMA-IR	n = 24	n = 19
At 6 weeks	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	2.0 (1.6–2.3)	0.001
At 12 months	1.6 (1.0–2.2)	3.1 (2.4–3.7)	0.002
Change	0.5 (0.02–0.9)	1.1 (0.6–1.6)	0.061

^*Obtained 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.