Table 3.
Summary of results for the direct comparison of all DPP-4 inhibitors versus comparator (continuous outcome measures)
| Endpoint | Alogliptin 25 mg QD | Linagliptin 5 mg QD | Saxagliptin 5 mg QD | Sitagliptin 100 mg/day | Vildagliptin 50 mg BID | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | |
| HbA1c change from baseline | −0.797* [66, 84] (−0.943 to −0.651) | 0.0 | −0.734* [93, 97, 98] (−0.88 to −0.588) | 33 | −0.593* [106, 107] (−0.811 to −0.375) | 0.0 | −0.788* [80, 110, 112, 114, 118] (−0.954 to −0.622) | 3.2 | −0.60* [67, 75] (−0.80 to −0.40) | 0.0 |
| Weight change from baseline | 0.049 [66, 84] (−0.53 to 0.62) | 0.0 | 0.431* [97, 98] (0.004 to 0.86) | 11 | – | – | 0.717* [80, 110, 118] (0.37 to 1.06) | – | 1.25* [67, 75] (0.47 to 2.03) | 0.0 |
| Endpoint | Alogliptin 25 mg QD + metformin | Linagliptin 5 mg QD + metformin | Saxagliptin 5 mg QD + metformin | Sitagliptin 100 mg/day + metformin | Vildagliptin 50 mg BID + metformin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | |
| HbA1c change from baseline | −0.699* [51, 74] (−1.05 to −0.35) | 79.8b | −0.679* [94, 101, 102] (−0.79 to −0.57) | 0.0 | −0.585* [52, 104, 108] (−0.76 to −0.41) | 60.5b | 0.649* [53, 86, 90, 111, 119, 120] (−0.78 to −0.52) | 26.6 | 0.480* [49, 58–60, 88, 126] (−0.92 to −0.05) | 94.9b |
| Weight change from baseline | 0.140 [51] (−0.23 to 0.51) | –a | 0.100 [101] (−5.60 to 5.80) | –a | – | – | 0.384 [53, 120] (−0.18 to 0.94) | 0.0 | 0.495* [58, 59, 88] (0.002 to 0.99) | 0.0 |
| Endpoint | Alogliptin 25 mg QD + SU | Linagliptin 5 mg QD + SU | Saxagliptin 5 mg QD + SU | Sitagliptin 100 mg/day + SU | Vildagliptin 50 mg BID + SU | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | |
| HbA1c change from baseline | −0.540* [92] (−0.82 to −0.26) | –a | −0.470* [99] (−0.71 to −0.23) | –a | −0.720* [103] (−1.22 to −0.22) | –a | −0.676* [34, 115] (−0.90 to −0.45) | 28.7 | −0.839* [62, 72] (−1.07 to −0.61) | 59.4b |
| Weight change from baseline | 0.880* [92] (0.22 to 1.54) | –a | 0.440 [99] (−0.34 to 1.22) | –a | −0.700 [103] (−1.62 to 0.22) | –a | 0.611* [34, 115] (0.10 to 1.13) | 26.2 | 1.209* [62, 72] (0.46 to 1.96) | 66.5b |
| Endpoint | Alogliptin 25 mg QD + metformin + SU | Linagliptin 5 mg QD + metformin + SU | Saxagliptin 5 mg QD + metformin + SU | Sitagliptin 100 mg/day + metformin + SU | Vildagliptin 50 mg BID + metformin + SU | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | |
| HbA1c change from baseline | – | – | −0.620* [100] (−0.73 to −0.51 | –a | – | – | −0.890 [115] (−2.41 to 0.63) | –a | −0.760* [124] (−1.01 to −0.51) | –a |
| Weight change from baseline | – | – | 0.330 [100] (−0.3 to 0.69) | –a | – | – | 0.700 [115] (−0.22 to 1.62) | –a | – | – |
| Endpoint | Alogliptin 25 mg QD + pioglitazone | Linagliptin 5 mg QD + pioglitazone | Saxagliptin 5 mg QD + pioglitazone | Sitagliptin 100 mg/day + pioglitazone | Vildagliptin 50 mg BID + pioglitazone | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | |
| HbA1c change from baseline | −0.606* [77, 91] (−0.97 to −0.25) | 86.6b | −0.500* [96] (−0.71 to −0.29) | –a | – | – | −0.900* [57] −1.18 to −0.62) | –a | −0.600* [71, 76] (−0.80 to −40) | 0.1 |
| Weight change from baseline | 0.568* [77, 91] (0.23 to 0.91) | 0.0 | 1.200* [96] (1.10 to 1.30) | –a | – | – | 1.100* [57] (0.019 to 2.181) | –a | 0.600 [76] (−0.23 to 1.43) | –a |
| Endpoint | Alogliptin 25 mg QD + insulin | Linagliptin 5 mg QD + insulin | Saxagliptin 5 mg QD + insulin | Sitagliptin 100 mg/day + insulin | Vildagliptin 50 mg BID + insulin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Weighted mean difference (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | |
| HbA1c change from baseline | – | – | – | – | – | – | −0.410 [61] (−0.84 to 0.019) | –a | −0.518 [70, 123] (−1.04 to 0.001) | 67.1b |
| Weight change from baseline | – | – | – | – | – | – | −1.800 [61] (−2.61 to 0.99) | –a | 0.700 [70] (−0.13 to 1.53) | –a |
BID twice daily, CI confidence interval, HbA 1c glycosylated hemoglobin, QD once daily, SU sulfonylurea
* Statistically significant versus comparator
aOnly one study eligible
b I 2 may represent moderate heterogeneity