Table 3.

The fluoride (F⁻) concentration (mg/kg) in wild canid bone material from various parts of the world

Place	Species	Tissue	Age	Gender	No. of animals	F- (dw or ash)		Source
Poland, West Pomeranian voivodship	Fox (Vulpes vulpes)	Teeth, first permanent molars	>20 months, ad	F + M	14	dw	532 ± 169	[11]
						Ash	692 ± 224
			<20 months, imm		20	dw	358 ± 208
						Ash	461 ± 266
Poland, Pomeranian voivodeship			<20 months, imm		7	dw	392
						Ash	303
Poland, West Pomeranian voivodship					13	dw	312
						Ash	241
Poland, West Pomeranian voivodship		Teeth, first permanent molars	6–20 months	F + M	4	dw	514 ± 309	[10]
						Ash	672 ± 401
					10	dw	389 ± 242
						Ash	510 ± 320
Great Britain, Wales		Mandible	28.8 months	F + M	103	dw	551	[12]
Great Britain, Anglesey (excluding Holyhead)			16.6 months	F + M	52	dw	476
Great Britain, Aberdeen TN			–	F + M	19	dw	283
Great Britain, Anglesey, Holyhead TZ			–	F + M	8	dw	1,650
USA, Montana	Coyote (Canis latrans)		–	–	2	dw	321	[31]

F female, M male, ad adult, im immaturus, dw dry weight