Table 3.
Comparison of Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Psychosocial Health Between Groups (NES and non-NES)
| Total Sample (N=1636) | NES (n=67) | non-NES (n=1569) | Test of Differences | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EDE-Q | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | U | z | p |
|
|
|||||||||
| Restraint | 1.40 | 1.41 | 2.19 | 1.79 | 1.37 | 1.38 | 36798.0 | −3.61 | <0.001* |
| Eating | 0.65 | 1.05 | 1.53 | 1.56 | 0.61 | 1.01 | 30289.5 | −5.81 | <0.001* |
| Shape | 1.91 | 1.55 | 3.16 | 1.86 | 1.86 | 1.52 | 28178.0 | −5.45 | <0.001* |
| Weight | 1.53 | 1.49 | 2.79 | 1.80 | 1.48 | 1.45 | 28964.0 | −5.65 | <0.001* |
| Global | 1.36 | 1.23 | 2.41 | 1.60 | 1.32 | 1.19 | 27112.5 | −5.27 | <0.001* |
|
|
|||||||||
| ED behaviors (# episodes/28) | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | U | z | p |
|
|
|||||||||
| Binge eating | 1.5 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 35585.5 | −5.03 | <0.001* |
| Purging | 0.3 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 6.7 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 46084.0 | −3.65 | <0.001* |
| Laxative use | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.05 | 0.5 | 47284.5 | −3.61 | <0.001* |
| Diet pill use (n, %) | 43 | 2.6 | 6 | 9.0 | 37 | 2.4 | 10.40 | 1 | 0.008 |
| Exercise for weight/shape | 2.3 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 7.7 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 38222.0 | −4.34 | <0.001* |
|
|
|||||||||
| ED diagnosis (lifetime) | n | % | n | % | n | % | χ2 | df | p |
|
|
|||||||||
| Diagnoseda,b | 60 | 3.8 | 9 | 13.6 | 50 | 3.3 | 18.37 | 1 | 0.001* |
| Diagnosed/Undiagnoseda,c | 261 | 16 | 26 | 38.8 | 233 | 15.3 | 26.04 | 1 | <0.001* |
| ANa | 39 | 2.4 | 9 | 13.4 | 30 | 2.0 | 35.28 | 1 | <0.001* |
| BNa | 28 | 1.7 | 5 | 7.5 | 22 | 1.4 | 13.94 | 1 | 0.004 |
| BEDa | 11 | 0.7 | 3 | 4.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 14.60 | 1 | 0.009 |
| EDNOSa | 18 | 1.1 | 2 | 3.0 | 16 | 1.0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0.18 |
|
|
|||||||||
| HRQOL (# days/30) | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | U | z | p |
|
|
|||||||||
| Total unhealthy days (Physical or mental) | 9.0 | 8.2 | 14.0 | 10.5 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 30400.0 | −4.93 | <0.001* |
| Activity limitation due to poor health | 2.5 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 7.5 | 2.4 | 4.7 | 32070.5 | −4.75 | <0.001* |
|
|
|||||||||
| Psychiatric diagnoses (lifetime) | n | % | n | % | n | % | χ2 | df | p |
|
|
|||||||||
| Any diagnosisa | 346 | 21.5 | 26 | 39.4 | 288 | 19.2 | 16.00 | 1 | <0.001* |
| Depressiona | 168 | 10.7 | 17 | 25.8 | 151 | 10.1 | 16.16 | 1 | <0.001* |
| Anxietya | 114 | 7.2 | 11 | 16.4 | 103 | 6.9 | 8.60 | 1 | 0.007 |
| ADHDa | 85 | 5.4 | 12 | 17.9 | 73 | 4.9 | 21.10 | 1 | <0.001* |
| Psychotropic use (last year) | 295 | 18.5 | 20 | 29.9 | 275 | 18.0 | 5.94 | 1 | 0.03 |
| SSRI | 85 | 5.3 | 7 | 10.4 | 78 | 5.1 | 3.61 | 1 | 0.09 |
| Insomnia medication | 28 | 1.8 | 3 | 4.5 | 25 | 1.6 | 2.99 | 1 | 0.11 |
| ADHD medication | 86 | 5.4 | 9 | 13.4 | 77 | 5.0 | 8.83 | 1 | 0.003* |
| Self-injury (lifetime) | 158 | 10.0 | 14 | 20.9 | 143 | 9.5 | 9.20 | 1 | 0.006* |
| Drug use (≥1x/wk, past year) | |||||||||
| Binge drink | 850 | 53.7 | 47 | 70.1 | 800 | 53.0 | 7.55 | 1 | 0.006* |
| Alcohol | 645 | 40.8 | 37 | 55.2 | 606 | 40.2 | 5.98 | 1 | 0.02 |
| Cigarette/Tobacco | 69 | 4.4 | 5 | 7.6 | 63 | 4.2 | 1.71 | 1 | 0.21 |
| Marijuana | 47 | 3.0 | 2 | 3.0 | 45 | 3.0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.99 |
| Other | 8 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 0.5 | 0.309 | 1 | 0.99 |
Abbreviations: EDE-Q, eating disorder examination-questionnaire; AN, anorexia nervosa; BN, bulimia nervosa; BED, binge eating disorder; EDNOS, eating-disorder not otherwise specified; ED, eating disorder; HRQOL, health-related quality of life; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
Diagnosis based on self-report.
Positive responses to the question, “Have you been diagnosed with an eating disorder?”
Positive responses to the above question or positive responses to the question, “If you have not been diagnosed with an eating disorder, do you feel you have had an eating disorder?”
Statistically significant after applying Hochberg modified Bonferroni to guard against Type I Error.