Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline (T1) and Follow-Up (T2)
| T1 | T2 | Pairwise
time comparison (p ≤.001) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n =385 | n = 285 | ||||||
| M | SE | Range | M | SE | Range | ||
| Child characteristics | |||||||
| Male, % | 83.40 | 83.50 | |||||
| ADHD diagnosis, % | 100.00 | 83.86 | |||||
| ADHD Medication use, % | 87.00 | 91.23 | |||||
| Age | 11.51 | .14 | 5.4–18.0 | 17.50 | .16 | 10.9–24.5 | |
| Child psychopathology | |||||||
| ADHD severity | 76.31 | .47 | 45–90 | 69.08 | .81 | 40–90 | T1 > T2 |
| Oppositional problems | 67.28 | .61 | 40–90 | 60.00 | .74 | 40–90 | T1 > T2 |
| Conduct problems | 4.03 | .12 | 0–10 | 2.94 | .15 | 0–10 | T1 > T2 |
| Parental Expressed Emotion | |||||||
| MEE warmth | 1.46 | .05 | 0–3 | 1.52 | .06 | 0–3 | T1 = T2 |
| MEE criticism | 1.81 | .05 | 0–4 | 1.77 | .06 | 0–4 | T1 = T2 |
| Parental psychopathology | |||||||
| Maternal ADHD problems | .00 | .05 | −1.3 to 3.1 | .00 | .06 | −1.3 to 3.7 | |
| Maternal affective problems | .01 | .06 | −2.3 to 3.4 | .00 | .06 | −1.3 to 4.5 | |
Note: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis of children at follow-up included Combined, Inattentive, and Hyperactive/ Impulsive subtype. Z-scores are displayed for maternal ADHD and affective problems. MEE = maternal expressed emotion.