Time-dependent induction of GFAP-lacZ gene by TGF-β1 in the T6/lacZ/C1 cells. Cells were grown in full DMEM was assayed for basal β-galactosidase activity (control). Cells adopted in low serum DMEM for 12 h were supplemented with 1 ng/mL of TGF-β1 for various times (0, 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h), and assayed for enzymatic activity. When compared to the basal level, cells cultured in low serum DMEM had elevated level of transgene expression (bP < 0.001). When compared the 0 h, transgene expression level was significantly induced at 2 h (aP < 0.05), 8 h (cP < 0.005), and 24 h (dP < 0.001), but significantly reduced at 72 h (fP < 0.001) compared with 0 h. Data presented as mean ± SE.