Table 1.
Neuropeptide Y family receptors with preferred ligands, receptor distribution and function in food intake and fat deposition
| Y1 | Y2 | Y4 | Y5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Preferred ligand |
NPY |
NPY |
PP |
NPY |
|
|
Requires a complete N terminus |
NPY3-36 |
NPY |
NPY2-36 |
||
|
Requires intact C-terminal fragments |
NPY3-36 |
||||
| Pre vs. post junctional receptor |
Post-junctional |
Pre-junctional |
Post-junctional |
Post-junctional |
|
| Distri-bution |
Brain (besides hypotha-lamus) |
Cortex, brainstem, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala |
Cortex, brainstem, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, nucleus accumbens |
Subnucleus gelatinosus of NTS, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus |
Cortex, hippocampus, amygdala |
| Hypoth-alamus |
ARC, VMN, PVN, DMN, LH Supraoptic nucleus |
ARC, PVN, LH, medial preoptical area, anterior hypothalamic nucleus |
ARC, PVN |
PVN, ARC, VMN, DMN, LH |
|
| Perip-heral |
Thyroid, parathyroid glands, heart, spleen and digestive system, adipose tissue |
Adipose tissue |
Skeletal muscle, small intestine, pancreas, prostate, uterus, lung, colon |
Adipose tissue |
|
| Types of manipulation/Effects on food intake and body weight | Y1 antagonist central injection/Reduced food intake [15,16]; Y1 agonist central injection/Increase food intake [17]; Y1KO/Developed obesity, increased body fat, slight reduction in food intake [18,19] | Y2 agonist IP injection/ inhibit food intake [20]; Hypothalamus-specific Y2 KO/Increased food intake and decreased body weight; Germ-line Y2 KO/Reduced body weight and adiposity, reduced food intake in males and increased food intake in females [21] | Y4 KO/Decreased body weight, less WAT, decreased 24-h food intake in male mice [22] | Central administration of Y5 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides/Reduced body weight and a decrease in food intake [23,24]; Y5 KO/ Mild late-onset obesity, increased body weight, food intake and adiposity [25] | |
Abbreviations: KO knock out, NTS Nucleus of the solitary tract, WAT white adipose tissue, ARC arcuate nucleus, PVN Paraventricular nucleus, VMN ventromedial nucleus, DMN dorsomedial nucleus, LH Lateral hypothalamic area, IP injection intraperitoneal injection. Other references used for this table besides the papers cited above [13,26-28]. The references are not exhaustive but rather indicate key initial and/or representative studies.