Table 2.
Characteristics for hardcore and non-hardcore daily smokers at age 26 years and above, Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Poland (2009–2010)
|
Men |
Women |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-hardcore smokers, % | Hardcore smokers, % | p-value for differences a | Non-hardcore smokers, % | Hardcore smokers, % | p-value for differences a | |
| Age (years) |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
<0.05 |
| 26–29 |
13.7 |
7.3 |
|
12.3 |
7.5 |
|
| 30–39 |
21.4 |
28.3 |
|
21.6 |
17.2 |
|
| 40–49 |
27.1 |
27.1 |
|
24.2 |
33.8 |
|
| 50–59 |
22.9 |
25.6 |
|
29.5 |
33.3 |
|
| ≥ 60 |
15.0 |
11.7 |
|
12.4 |
8.2 |
|
| Age at smoking onset |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
<0.001 |
| < 14 |
3.1 |
4.0 |
|
0.7 |
0.7 |
|
| 14–17 |
32.1 |
42.3 |
|
21.6 |
33.5 |
|
| 18–20 |
43.0 |
39.8 |
|
42.6 |
42.4 |
|
| ≥ 21 |
21.7 |
13.9 |
|
35.0 |
23.4 |
|
| Education |
|
|
NS |
|
|
NS |
| Primary |
14.2 |
14.2 |
|
11.3 |
14.1 |
|
| Vocational |
45.8 |
44.7 |
|
31.1 |
28.6 |
|
| Secondary |
32.3 |
33.5 |
|
41.2 |
46.9 |
|
| High |
7.8 |
7.6 |
|
16.3 |
10.5 |
|
| Economic activity |
|
|
NS |
|
|
NS |
| Employed |
63.9 |
66.2 |
|
54.7 |
61.1 |
|
| Unemployed |
13.2 |
13.0 |
|
5.8 |
4.8 |
|
| Not active |
22.9 |
20.8 |
|
39.5 |
34.2 |
|
| Place of residence |
|
|
<0.01 |
|
|
<0.01 |
| Rural |
39.9 |
40.3 |
|
29.4 |
24.3 |
|
| Urban up to 50 000 |
27.7 |
21.4 |
|
24.1 |
21.1 |
|
| 50 000–200 000 |
12.4 |
19.7 |
|
21.8 |
16.7 |
|
| Over 200 000 |
20.0 |
18.6 |
|
24.7 |
37.9 |
|
| Awareness of health consequences of smoking |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Yes |
85.6 |
74.5 |
|
88.1 |
76.0 |
|
| No |
14.4 |
25.5 |
|
11.9 |
24.0 |
|
| Time for first cigarette |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Up to 30 min |
57.9 |
79.4 |
|
46.5 |
78.1 |
|
| 30 min or later |
42.1 |
20.6 |
|
53.5 |
21.9 |
|
| Wake up at night to smoke |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Yes |
20.3 |
36.6 |
|
15.7 |
37.2 |
|
| No |
79.7 |
63.4 |
|
84.3 |
62.8 |
|
| Saw health provider in last year |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
NS |
| Yes |
59.5 |
47.1 |
|
72.6 |
65.8 |
|
| No |
40.5 |
52.9 |
|
27.4 |
34.2 |
|
| Health provider asked if smokes tobaccob |
|
|
NS |
|
|
NS |
| Yes |
63.9 |
58.3 |
|
64.3 |
56.8 |
|
| No |
36.1 |
41.7 |
|
35.7 |
43.2 |
|
| Health provider advised to quitc |
|
|
NS |
|
|
NS |
| Yes |
75.3 |
79.0 |
|
78.7 |
77.1 |
|
| No |
24.7 |
21.0 |
|
21.3 |
22.9 |
|
| Rules about smoking at home |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Smoking allowed |
41.4 |
58.7 |
|
45.2 |
61.6 |
|
| No rules |
8.2 |
8.8 |
|
11.0 |
12.7 |
|
| Smoking prohibited with some exceptions |
27.9 |
22.0 |
|
31.8 |
21.5 |
|
| Smoking completely prohibited |
22.4 |
10.4 |
|
12.1 |
4.2 |
|
| Support for tobacco control policies |
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
<0.001 |
| High |
50.9 |
37.2 |
|
49.8 |
28.6 |
|
| Medium |
31.0 |
44.8 |
|
40.1 |
49.6 |
|
| Low |
18.1 |
18.0 |
|
10.2 |
21.8 |
|
| Mean age of smoking onset in years (SE) |
18.9 (0.185) |
17.9 (0.192) |
<0.001 |
20.9 (0.308) |
19.3 (0.256) |
<0.001 |
| Mean number of cigarettes per day (SE) |
16.4 (0.453) |
22.3 (0.418) |
<0.001 |
12.8 (0.334) |
20.8 (0.380) |
<0.001 |
| n = 539 | n = 423 | n = 426 | n = 239 | |||
Percentages and mean values were calculated using sample weights.
aP-values for differences between hardcore and non-hardcore smokers. Chi-square test is used for categorical variables, t-test for continuous variables; NS = not significant.
bRestricted to respondents who saw health provider within past year.
cRestricted to respondents who saw health provider within past year and were asked whether they smoke.
SE = standard error.