Table 1.
Summary of genome-wide studies reporting differential DNA methylationa (DM) within stress-sensitive genes in blood or brain.
| Gene name | Pathway | Studies in blood |
Studies in brain |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Blood | Blood cell | Method | Data available? | Reference | Brain | Brain tissue | Method | Data available? | ||
| COMT | Dopamine catabolism | (152)* | Increased (cg13175282, cg06860277) DNA methylation in SCZ patients | Whole blood | 450 K | GEO | (149) | Increased DNA methylation (cg12457376) in SCZ patients; DM between SCZ sub-groups, increased (cg00107488) and decreased (cg12728623, cg07579946, cg04856117, cg06787004) DNA methylation | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| DNMT1 | DNA methylation | NA | No SCZ-related DM reported in genome-wide blood-based studies to date | NA | NA | NA | (149) | Decreased DNA methylation (cg06128182, cg01347596) in SCZ patients; DM between SCZ sub-groups, increased (cg21892967) and decreased (cg12053136 and cg26705765) DNA methylation | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| FKBP4 | GC-receptor chaperone complex | (152)* | Decreased (cg15260466) DNA methylation in SCZ patients | Whole blood | 450 K | GEO | (149) | Increased DNA methylation (cg00779206) in SCZ patients; increased (cg00779206) DNA methylation between SCZ sub-groups | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| FKBP5 | GC-receptor chaperone complex; HPA axis gene | (152)* | Decreased (cg25114611) DNA methylation in SCZ patients | Whole blood | 450 K | GEO | (149) | DM between SCZ sub-groups. Increased (cg19226017, cg17030679, cg07061368) and decreased (cg14284211 and cg01294490) DNA methylation. | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| HSP90 | GC-receptor chaperone complex | (152)* | Increased (cg10833014 HSP90AA1) and decreased (cg07086455 HSP90AA1) DNA methylation in SCZ patients | Whole blood | 450 K | GEO | (149) | Increased HSP90AA1 (cg02017208) DNA methylation in SCZ patients | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| (153) | HSP90AA1 hypomethylation (cg04281268) in First Episode SCZ patients | Peripheral blood cells | 27K | Included supplement of the 603 DM CpGs | |||||||
| NR3C1 | GC-receptor; HPA axis gene | (152)* | Decreased (cg06968181 and cg17617527) DNA methylation in SCZ patients | Whole blood | 450 K | GEO | (149) | Decreased (cg06613263 and cg07733851) DNA methylation between SCZ sub-groups | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| PTGES3 | GC-receptor chaperone complex | NA | No SCZ-related DM reported in genome-wide blood-based studies to date | NA | NA | NA | (149) | Decreased DNA methylation (cg20253639) in SCZ patients | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| SLC6A3 | Dopaminergic system | (154)* | Schizophrenia-associated DNA methylation (increased beta 0.05 avg) differences in discordant monozygotic twins | Whole blood | 27 K | Only list top 100 DM CpGs | (149) | Decreased DNA methylation (cg01204634, cg05030481, cg24756227) in SCZ patients; decreased (cg24756227, cg16392193, cg16180821) DNA methylation between SCZ sub-groups | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
| (153) | Hypomethylation (cg26205131) in first episode schizophrenia patients | Peripheral blood cells | 27 K | Included supplement of the 603 DM CpGs | |||||||
| (152)* | Increased (cg1161677) and decreased (cg22659953) DNA methylation in SCZ patients | Whole blood | 450 K | GEO | |||||||
| SLC6A4 | Serotonergic system | NA | No SCZ-related DM reported in genome-wide blood-based studies to date | NA | NA | NA | (149) | Decreased DNA methylation (cg03363743) in SCZ patients; decreased (cg26126367 and cg03363743) DNA methylation between SCZ sub-groups | Frontal cortex | 450 K | Three supplemental tables including all DM CpGs |
aDM based on adjusted p-values except where indicated (*).
Gene-expression omnibus (GEO) is a public repository of functional genomic data accessible via NCBI.
The Horvath data were analyzed using GEO2R.