Table 3 .

Direct, indirect, and total effects¹ of SEM model

Model variables	Direct effects	Indirect effects	Total effects
Education on PTGI	−0.076*	–	−0.076*
Years since injury on PTGI	−0.144*	–	−0.144*
Current age on PTGI	−0.091*	–	−0.092*
Depression on PTGI	−0.051	–	−0.051
Level of injury on depression	−0.057	–	−0.057
Sex on PTGI (via depression)	0.175**	−0.007	0.168**
Level of injury on PTGI (via depression)	−0.007	0.003	−0.004
Violent etiology on depression (via level of injury)	0.011	0.093	0.104
Violent etiology on PTGI (via level of injury and via depression, respectively)	0.057	0.001 and −0.005	0.053

¹All effects are standardized.* P ≤ 0.05.

** P ≤ 0.001.