Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of subjects: aSub, subjects in each group (see also Figure 2); bage, in years; cH/H, handedness/hemiparesis; dTSS, time since stroke in months; eFMS, Fugl-Meyer score, values represent total upper extremity scores out of a maximum of 66/hand and wrist score out of a maximum of 30; fAROM, active range-of-motion in degrees at the wrist measured with a goniometer; gMAS, modified Ashworth Scale measured at the wrist. Lesion location and stroke subtype obtained from: hradiology reports and imedical history narrative from subject.
| Suba | Age/sexb | H/Hc | Stroke location/subtype | TSSd | FMSe | AROMf | AROM | MASg | MAS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | Extension | Flexors | Extensors | ||||||||
| Group 1 | Spastic paresis | 2 | 43/F | R/R | L frontal hgeh | 8 | 21/8 | 20 | 15 | 3 | 1 |
| 3 | 43/M | L/R | L subcortical hgei | N/A | 35/20 | 20 | 15 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 5 | 62/F | R/L | R parietal hgeh | 71 | 48/22 | 15 | 15 | 3 | 2 | ||
| 7 | 36/M | R/R | L MCA infarcts with hgeh | 37 | 38/20 | 20 | 20 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 11 | 65/M | R/R | L BG infarcth | 50 | 51/21 | 33 | 35 | 2 | 1 | ||
| 14 | 52/M | R/R | L IC occlusioni | 123 | 28/10 | 20 | 15 | 3 | 1+ | ||
| 18 | 60/F | R/L | R cerebral hgei | 84 | 33/18 | 20 | 10 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Mean | 51.6 | 62.2 | 36.3/17 | 21.1 | 17.9 | 2.4 | 1.4 | ||||
| (SD) | (11.2) | (39.9) | (10.6/5.6) | (5.6) | (8.1) | (0.8) | (0.5) | ||||
| Group 2 | Spastic co-contraction | 1 | 28/F | R/R | L MCA infarcth | 44 | 51/21 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| 4 | 46/F | R/L | R MCA hgei | 77 | 42/20 | 20 | 10 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 6 | 61/M | R/R | L cerebral hgei | 18 | 37/21 | 15 | 15 | 3 | 3 | ||
| 9 | 54/M | R/R | L lacunar infarcth | 49 | 54/27 | 20 | 10 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 12 | 56/M | R/R | L lacunar infarcth | 51 | 62/27 | 10 | 5 | 1+ | 1+ | ||
| 21 | 87/F | R/L | R MCA infarcth | 84 | 25/5 | 15 | 5 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Mean | 55.3 | 53.8 | 45.2/20.1 | 15.0 | 8.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | ||||
| (SD) | (19.3) | (23.9) | (13.3/8.0) | (4.5) | (4.1) | (0.8) | (1.0) | ||||
| Group 3 | Minimal paresis | 8 | 47/M | R/R | L IC occlusioni | 71 | 35/25 | 30 | 25 | 3 | 1 |
| 10 | 69/F | R/R | L thalamic infarcth | 24 | 58/25 | 50 | 55 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 13 | 42/F | R/L | R IC occlusionh | 30 | 40/20 | 50 | 70 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 15 | 71/M | R/L | R MCA infarcth | 37 | 55/20 | 50 | 45 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 16 | 41/M | R/R | L BG hgeh | 192 | 65/29 | 60 | 50 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 19 | 59/M | R/R | L thalamic infarcth | 36 | 59/26 | 75 | 60 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 20 | 62/M | R/R | L MCA infarcth | 69 | 60/27 | 40 | 30 | 1 | 1.1 | ||
| Mean | 55.9 | 65.6 | 53.1/24.5 | 50.7 | 47.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 | ||||
| (SD) | (12.5) | (58.8) | (11.2/3.4) | (14.3) | (16.0) | (0.8) | (0.4) | ||||
| P-value across the three groups | 0.89 | 0.047 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.066 | 0.502 | |||||
Bolded variables showed statistically and/or clinically important differences across the three groups.