Fig. 3.

Aphid saliva induces early-induced defense marker genes in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis plants were infiltrated with diet only and diet fed on green peach aphids (saliva). Leaf samples were harvested at 0 h posttreatment (hpt), 3 hpt, and 6 hpt. Relative expression levels of defense marker genes were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Error bars represent ±SEM of six biological replicates and two technical replicates each. * indicates significant differences from diet-only control (Student t test; P < 0.05).