Table 1.
Antimicrobial resistance profiles and resistance (R)-encoding genes of S. epidermidis isolates collected from healthcare workers (HCWs; n =42) vs. S. epidermidis isolates causing catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs; n = 20)
| Antimicrobial | Encoding gene | HCWs (% R) | CRBSIs (% R) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Penicillin |
|
37 (88%) |
20 (100%) |
0.165 |
|
Methicillin (cefoxitin) |
|
26 (62%) |
17 (85%) |
0.065 |
| |
mecA |
26 |
17 |
0.065 |
|
Erythromycin |
|
26 (62%) |
15 (75%) |
0.308 |
| |
ermC |
11 |
12 |
0.009 |
| |
msrA |
13 |
0 |
0.006 |
| |
ermA |
1 |
3 |
0.034 |
|
Clindamycin |
|
14 [6]* (33%) |
15 [5]* (75%) |
0.002 |
|
Levofloxacin |
|
10 (24%) |
14 (70%) |
< 0.001 |
|
Fusidic acid |
|
19 (45%) |
13 (65%) |
0.146 |
|
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
|
4 (10%) |
11 (55%) |
< 0.001 |
|
Aminoglycosides§ (at least one) |
|
10 (24%) |
13 (65%) |
0.002 |
|
Kanamycin |
|
9 (21%) |
13 (65%) |
< 0.001 |
|
Tobramycin |
|
6 (14%) |
13 (65%) |
< 0.001 |
|
Gentamicin |
|
5 (12%) |
10 (50%) |
0.003 |
| |
aadC |
6 |
11 |
< 0.001 |
| |
aacA-aphD |
5 |
10 |
0.003 |
| |
aph3 |
3 |
1 |
1.000 |
|
Mupirocin |
|
4 (10%) |
8 (40%) |
0.013 |
|
Rifampin |
|
0 (0%) |
5 (25%) |
0.002 |
| Median sum of resistance to non-beta-lactams (range) | 2 (0–5) | 5 (0–8) | < 0.001 |
Legend:
No resistance to minocycline, vancomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline was observed.
§The three aminoglycosides were regarded as a whole, and isolates resistant to at least one of the three drugs were considered resistant to aminoglycosides.
*For clindamycin, the values in square brackets represent the number of isolates with a clindamycin-inducible resistant phenotype.