Table 4.

Determinants of unmet need for family planning 0–23 months postpartum.

	Unmet need
	All	For spacing	For limiting
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age (years)
<20 (ref.)	1	1	1
20–29	1.05 (0.75, 1.48)	0.63 (0.43, 0.92)*	1.89 (1.18, 3.01)*
≥30	1.31 (0.88, 1.97)	0.12 (0.10, 0.28)*	4.25 (2.51, 7.17)*
Level of education
No education (ref.)	1	1	1
Primary	1.05 (0.76, 1.45)	1.12 (0.70, 1.78)	0.99 (0.70, 1.40)
Secondary	1.00 (0.75, 1.34)	1.62 (1.10, 2.37)*	0.71 (0.51, 0.99)*
Higher	1.02 (0.59, 1.81)	1.86 (0.97, 3.56)	0.69 (0.36, 1.29)
Wealth quintile
Poorest (ref.)	1	1	1
Poorer	0.74 (0.55, 1.01)	0.70 (0.44, 1.10)	0.93 (0.63, 1.36)
Middle	0.98 (0.65, 1.48)	1.15 (0.75, 1.77)	0.84 (0.54, 1.30)
Richer	0.79 (0.50, 1.27)	0.64 (0.37, 1.10)	1.04 (0.66, 1.66)
Richest	0.67 (0.38, 1.17)	0.30 (0.15, 0.58)*	1.35 (0.75, 2.44)
Caste/ethnicity
Brahmin/Chhetri (ref.)	1	1	1
Other Terai caste	1.45 (0.86, 2.46)	1.91 (1.07, 3.41)*	0.93 (0.56, 1.56)
Dalit	1.07 (0.76, 1.51)	1.39 (0.94, 2.05)	0.86 (0.58, 1.28)
Newar	0.84 (0.37, 1.90)	0.71 (0.31, 1.59)	0.97 (0.36, 2.62)
Janjati	0.95 (0.70, 1.28)	1.00 (0.71, 1.40)	0.94 (0.69, 1.27)
Muslim	2.47 (1.51, 4.05)*	1.15 (0.58, 2.30)	2.58 (1.47, 4.57)*
Place of residence
Urban (ref.)	1	1	1
Rural	1.57 (1.07, 2.30)*	0.94 (0.63, 1.41)	1.83 (1.21, 2.75)*
Ecological zone
Mountain (ref.)	1	1	1
Hill	1.27 (0.93, 1.74)	1.04 (0.71, 1.53)	1.27 (0.91, 1.75)
Terai	0.79 (0.55, 1.13)	1.24 (0.82, 1.87)	0.64 (0.42, 0.97)*

*Statistically significant confidence interval; ref: reference category.