Table 1.

Common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE.

Pathological processes	Aldehyde	References
Alzheimer's disease	MDA 4-HNE	[104–113] [81, 108, 114–121]
Cancer	MDA 4-HNE	[109, 122–130] [72, 126–128, 131–136]
Cardiovascular diseases	MDA 4-HNE	[72, 79, 109, 123, 135, 137–141] [72, 104, 109, 131, 135, 138, 139, 142–144]
Diabetes	MDA 4-HNE	[79, 109, 123, 140, 145–150] [131, 135, 142, 143, 151–156]
Liver disease	MDA 4-HNE	[123, 135, 157–164] [135, 160–163, 165–169]
Parkinson's disease	MDA 4-HNE	[81, 108, 114–121] [72, 114, 131, 135, 142, 170–174]