Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 2013 Sep;1(3):187–196. doi: 10.1007/s40141-013-0017-y

Table 4.

Behavioral Treatment Approaches

Compensatory Both Rehabilitative

  • Postural adjustments

  • Altering bolus characteristics (consistency, viscosity, volume of bolus, temperature, taste)

  • Increase volitional control

  • Effortful swallow

  • Mendelsohn maneuver

  • Supraglottic Safety Swallow & Super Supraglottic Safety Swallow (breath hold)

  • Increase sensory input

  • Tongue hold exercise

  • Shaker exercise (head-raise)

  • Lingual exercise/ resistance training

  • LSVT

  • EMST

  • NMES

LSVT, Lee Silverman Voice Therapy; EMST, Expiratory Muscle Strength Training; NMES, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation.

*

From Gonzalez-Fernandez and Daniels Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am19 (2008) 867–888