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. 2014 Jun 5;5:21. doi: 10.1186/2041-9139-5-21

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Copyright © 2014 Bird and Webb; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Expected trends for the analysis of heterochrony and modularity in the cranial lateral line system. A) Increase in the size of a variable in both experimental species (TRA - Tramitichromis sp.; AU - Aulonocara stuartgranti) are plotted for two canals (modules; SO - supraorbital; MD - mandibular). Similar trends for both canals (rate increase is faster in Aulonocara relative to Tramitichromis) is evidence for rate heterochrony. B) If both canals (modules) show similar rates within a species, this is evidence for integration among canals. C) If the two canals show different rates of increase in a species, this is evidence for independence between canals.