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. 2014 Jun 7;15(1):63. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-63

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Copyright © 2014 Hong et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Macrophage activation state determines the response to subsequent rhinovirus infection. Upon airway injury, individuals with a type 2-predominant immune response experience eosinophilic airway inflammation which is heightened by RV infection. Alternatively, individuals with a type 1/IL-17-predominant response (analogous to IL-4R KO mice) demonstrate neutrophilic inflammation which is exacerbated by RV infection.