Table 3.
baseline and changes in nutrient intakes at 6 and 18 months
| Variables | Mos. | Unadjusted Mean(SD) | Parameter Estimates (β) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| MD-C/PT-C | MD-C/PT-I | MD-I/PT-C | MD-I/PT-I | MD-I vs. MD-C | PT-I vs. PT-C | ||
| Calories, Kcal | |||||||
| Ba | 1725(763) | 1664(843) | 1594(643) | 1780(826) | −55.4 | 71.4 | |
| 6 | −170.6(554) | −249.8(586) | −72.2(464) | −287.4(660) | 18.7 | −124.34* | |
| 18 | −119.1(698) | −158.8(535) | −73(543) | −260.8(741) | −43.75 | −90.94 | |
| Carbohydrate, % kcal | |||||||
| B | 48.6(9.5) | 48.2(10.3) | 46.8(9) | 48.8(8.4) | 0.12 | 0.7 | |
| 6 | −0.4(7.8) | 2.5(10.2) | 0.9(7.4) | 4.7(8.4) | 1.81* | 3.72** | |
| 18 | −0.9(8.3) | 2.2(9.9) | 1.1(7.9) | 3(8.6) | 1.58* | 2.83** | |
| Fat, % kcal (DASH target=27%)b | |||||||
| B | 38.1(8.2) | 38.4(7.9) | 39.8(8.4) | 37.5(6.8) | 0.08 | −0.98 | |
| 6 | 0.6(7.2) | −2.4(8.5) | −1(6.7) | −4.5(7) | −1.83* | −3.68** | |
| 18 | 0.9(7.7) | −1.7(7.9) | −1.2(6.5) | −2.6(7.8) | −1.67* | −2.44** | |
| Protein, % kcal (DASH target=18%) | |||||||
| B | 14.6(3) | 14.2(3) | 14.7(2.9) | 14.5(2.4) | 0.02 | −0.21 | |
| 6 | 0.02(3.2) | 0.8(3) | 0.2(2.5) | 0.8(2.5) | 0.08 | 0.56* | |
| 18 | 0.1(2.5) | 0.01(3.8) | 0.2(3.1) | 0.3(3) | 0.24 | −0.14 | |
| Energy from sweets, %kcal | |||||||
| B | 13.9(9.4) | 16(11.3) | 12.9(8.8) | 16(9.1) | −0.09 | 2.34* | |
| 6 | −0.9(8.2) | −4.5(11.7) | −0.5(5.7) | −5.4(7.6) | −0.31 | −3.16** | |
| 18 | −1.2(8.5) | −1.9(10.5) | −0.2(7) | −3(8.8) | 0.05 | −0.8 | |
| Saturated fat, g (DASH target≤13 g) | |||||||
| B | 20.9(11.6) | 20.5(12) | 19.9(10.6) | 21.5(12.6) | −0.9 | 0.69 | |
| 6 | −1.7(6.9) | −4.7(9.6) | −1(6.8) | −5.9(10.2) | −0.36 | −3.75** | |
| 18 | −1.1(9) | −3.4(8.3) | −1.2(8) | −4.7(11.6) | −0.97 | −2.71** | |
| Cholesterol, mg (DASH target=150 mg) | |||||||
| B | 209(129) | 198(138) | 196(104) | 217(135) | −9.7 | 8.6 | |
| 6 | −16.5(67.8) | −30.2(116) | −4.7(76.1) | −49.8(111) | −2.82 | −29.31** | |
| 18 | −8.5(96.6) | −26.9(99.5) | −5.9(115) | −43.5(115) | −8.38 | −25.68* | |
| Fiber, g (DASH target=28 g) | |||||||
| B | 17.2(9) | 16.3(9.4) | 15.9(8.2) | 16.4(8.4) | −1.03 | 0.04 | |
| 6 | −1.8(7.5) | 0.3(8.7) | −0.7(5.6) | 2(7.4) | 0.98 | 2.36** | |
| 18 | −0.9(9.9) | 0.2(8.6) | −0.5(6.7) | 0.6(7.3) | 0.15 | 0.99 | |
| Calcium, mg (DASH target=1131 mg) | |||||||
| B | 638(331) | 610(367) | 571(310) | 618(298) | −48.4 | 17.7 | |
| 6 | −51.8(259) | 27.9(274) | −2(196) | 53.3(317) | 23.32 | 71.29* | |
| 18 | −52.9(294) | −5.5(256) | 9.6(219) | −12(291) | 11.57 | 15.31 | |
| Magnesium, mg (DASH target=450 mg) | |||||||
| B | 279(127) | 264(136) | 262(110) | 269(124) | −13.9 | −0.76 | |
| 6 | −23.3(95.1) | −10.1(98.8) | −10.7(78.3) | 8.2(110) | 10.14 | 15.09 | |
| 18 | −17.6(126) | −10.2(98) | −3.3(89.6) | −6.5(107) | 4.03 | 1.02 | |
| Potassium, mg (DASH target=3932 mg) | |||||||
| B | 2662(1127) | 2475(1212) | 2470(925) | 2621(1079) | −99.5 | 13.1 | |
| 6 | −253(904) | −19.5(874) | −33.9(657) | 152(942) | 166.3* | 208* | |
| 18 | −205(1078) | −72(801) | −26.4(781) | −49.4(1007) | 67.86 | 53.59 | |
| Sodium, mg (HIP guideline: ≤2300 mg/d) | |||||||
| B | 2345(1114) | 2134(1215) | 2249(968) | 2346(1170) | −30.4 | −34.7 | |
| 6 | −217(792) | −234(902) | −114(703) | −338(1051) | 3.1 | −149* | |
| 18 | −163(968) | −145(828) | −114(858) | −352(1107) | −74.1 | −134 | |
| Urine Phosphorous, mg/dL | |||||||
| B | 825(387) | 730(342) | 846(570) | 824(400) | 10.6 | −49.4 | |
| 6 | −112(352) | −0.4(296) | −123(529) | −91.6(373) | −30.2 | 27.67 | |
| 18 | −64.2(335) | 79.1(337) | −62.7(556) | −37.1(354) | −51.01 | 41.66 | |
| Urine Potassium, mg/dL | |||||||
| B | 61.6(31.9) | 51.7(23) | 61.3(22.8) | 61.2(27.9) | 0.71 | −3.3 | |
| 6 | −8.1(27.5) | 4.7(19) | −3.1(23.1) | −0.2(26.3) | 1.24 | 5.4* | |
| 18 | −5.7(25.1) | 8.4(22.4) | 3(43.1) | −3.9(23) | −1.26 | 0.57 | |
| Urine Sodium, mg/24hr | |||||||
| B | 4018(1771) | 3471(1564) | 4030(1907) | 3917(1753) | 5.7 | −8.7 | |
| 6 | −524.4(1638) | −301.3(1431) | −542.8(1730) | −722.2(1833) | −7.59 | −8.15 | |
| 18 | −190.9(1934) | −552(1960) | −32.2(1608) | −644(1762) | −17.4* | −8.73 | |
a
B=baseline.
b
DASH daily targets tested in the original DASH feeding study at 2000 kcal level or HIP guidelines are included in parentheses.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.001, all models were adjusted for cohort, baseline nutrient intake, age, BMI, gender and race. All variables are dietary data from FFQ except as specified for the 24-hour urine variables.