Table 3. Oligomer Association Constant and Energy Reported in the Literature.

system	method	KX	ΔGX	ref
glycophorin A transmembrane fragment (GpATM) in detergent micelles	analytical ultracentrifugation		–7 kcal/mol	(32), 49
transmembrane fragment of the M2 protein from influenza A virus in detergent micelles and phospholipid bilayer	thiol-disulfide equilibrium	2 × 106 in detergent micelles 2 × 108 in lipid bilayer		(42)
fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in phospholipid bilayer	FRET		–3 kcal/mol	(50)
GpATM in vesicles derived from mammalian cell membranes	quantitative imaging FRET		–3.9 ± 0.2a kcal/mol	(51)
GpATM in detergent micelles and phospholipid bilayer	steric trap		–7 kcal/mol in detergent micelles –12 kcal/mol in bilayer	(43)

^aStandard state was defined as K_D = 1/nm².