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Left column: TEM images of NaGdF4 NPs capped with (A) mPEG750-OPO3 (diameter 11.3 ± 0.5 nm) (B) PAMAM-4P (diameter 10.9 ± 0.5 nm) (C) mPEG2000–PAMAM-4P (diameter 10.8 ± 0.5 nm). Right column: TEM images of mPEG2000-OPO3-capped NaGdF4 NPs (D) immediately after ligand exchange and transfer to water; (E) after 24 h of dialysis against water (F) after 24 h of dialysis against 2.5 mM mPEG2000-OPO3H2 solution.
