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. 2014 Jun 23;9(6):e100731. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100731

Figure 3. Effect of betaine on lactic acid fermentation under different supplies of nitrogen source.

Figure 3

(a) l-Lactic acid concentration of the fermentation using different (NH4)2SO4 concentrations. (b) Cell density of the fermentation using different (NH4)2SO4 concentrations. (c) Specific l-LDH activity of the fermentation using different (NH4)2SO4 concentrations. (d) l-Lactic acid concentration of the fermentation using different yeast extract concentrations. (e) Cell density of the fermentation using different yeast extract concentrations. (f) Specific l-LDH activity of the fermentation using different yeast extract concentrations. The blank column represents for fermentation without betaine. The stripe column represents for fermentation with 0.05 g/L betaine. The error bars indicate the standard deviations of three parallel replicates.