Table 4. Estimated odds of children being overweight or obese at each wave, according to maternal protectiveness and other family characteristics.
| Wave 1 (4–5 Years) | Wave 2 (6–7 Years) | Wave 3 (8–9 Years) | Wave 4 (10–11 Years) | |||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Maternal protectiveness | ||||||||||||
| At age 8–9 Years + 1 SD | 0.97 | (0.87, 1.08) | .578 | 1.02 | (0.91, 1.14) | .758 | 1.07 | (0.96, 1.19) | .203 | 1.13 | (1.02, 1.26) | .018 |
| At age 8–9 years +2 SD | 0.94 | (0.75, 1.17) | .578 | 1.04 | (0.82, 1.31) | .758 | 1.15 | (0.93, 1.42) | .203 | 1.29 | (1.04, 1.58) | .018 |
| Maternal BMI (Wave 1) | ||||||||||||
| Normal | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| Overweight | 1.82 | (1.42, 2.31) | <.001 | 1.96 | (1.51, 2.55) | <.001 | 2.19 | (1.83, 2.78) | <.001 | 2.37 | (1.89, 2.98) | <.001 |
| Obese | 2.19 | (1.66, 2.88) | <.001 | 2.99 | (2.24, 3.98) | <.001 | 2.81 | (2.15, 3.68) | <.001 | 3.38 | (2.62, 4.38) | <.001 |
| Household Income (Wave 1) | ||||||||||||
| $2000 or more per week | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| $1000–$1999 per week | 1.05 | (0.74, 1.49) | .795 | 1.25 | (0.84, 1.87) | .276 | 1.02 | (0.72, 1.45) | .899 | 1.21 | (0.86, 1.71) | .281 |
| $600–$999 per week | 1.03 | (0.74, 1.42) | .869 | 1.29 | (0.89, 1.86) | .184 | 1.05 | (0.76, 1.44) | .786 | 1.40 | (1.02, 1.92) | .039 |
| Up to $599 per week | 1.47 | (1.00, 2.15) | .047 | 2.06 | (1.34, 3.15) | <.001 | 1.91 | (1.32, 2.78) | <.001 | 2.08 | (1.42, 3.04) | <.001 |
| No. of waves maternal mental health problem | ||||||||||||
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| One-two | 0.89 | 0.68, 1.16 | .384 | 0.85 | 0.64, 1.13 | .261 | 1.21 | 0.94, 1.55 | .133 | 1.21 | 0.95, 1.53 | .125 |
| Three-four | 0.92 | 0.56, 1.49 | .723 | 0.40 | 0.21, 0.73 | .003 | 0.52 | 0.32, 0.87 | .013 | 0.48 | 0.29, 0.78 | .003 |
| Position among siblings | ||||||||||||
| Only child | ||||||||||||
| Youngest child | 0.77 | 0.53, 1.12 | .172 | 0.65 | 0.44, 0.94 | .023 | 0.74 | 0.52, 1.04 | .086 | 0.85 | 0.61, 1.18 | .328 |
| Middle child | 0.72 | 0.47, 1.10 | .131 | 0.57 | 0.37, 0.88 | .012 | 0.51 | 0.33, 0.77 | .001 | 0.48 | 0.33, 0.72 | .003 |
| Eldest child | 0.84 | 0.57, 1.22 | .349 | 0.65 | 0.44, 0.95 | .027 | 0.65 | 0.45, 0.93 | .018 | 0.59 | 0.42, 0.83 | .003 |
OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence Interval. Included in initial models but removed due to non-significance: Family structure, maternal employment pattern, maternal age at birth of first child and neighbourhood disadvantage. Maternal protectiveness at Wave 2 (6–7 years) removed due to collinearity.