Table 1.
Baseline demographic and other characteristics of subjects who received footwear
| Characteristic | Experimental group | Control group |
|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 66 | 64 |
| Number of male subjects | 50 (75.8%) | 52 (81.3%) |
| Age in years* (range) | 60.5 ± 10.1 (33–83) | 58.5 ± 10.7 (35–88) |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 32.3 ± 7.1 | 31.4 ± 5.5 |
| Smoking | 6 (9.1%) | 12 (18.8%) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 21 (31.8%) | 20 (30.2%) |
| Race | ||
| White† | 55 (83.3%) | 51 (79.7%) |
| African American† | 10 (15.2%) | 11 (17.2%) |
| Other† | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (3.1%) |
| Socioeconomic | ||
| At least high school graduate | 49 (74.2%) | 52 (82.3%) |
| Graduated college | 12 (18.2%) | 18 (28.1%) |
| Not living alone | 50 (75.8%) | 47 (73.4%) |
| ABI*‡ | 1.05 ± 0.16 | 1.13 ± 0.18 |
| Index ulcer location§ | ||
| MTH 1 | 36 (54.5%) | 29 (45.3%) |
| MTH 2 | 13 (19.7%) | 10 (15.6%) |
| MTH 3 | 2 (3.0%) | 11 (17.2%) |
| MTH 4 | 5 (7.6%) | 8 (12.5%) |
| MTH 5 | 13 (19.7%) | 11 (17.2%) |
| Barefoot peak plantar pressure at prior index ulcer site (kPa)* | 946 ± 266 | 967 ± 233 |
| Barefoot peak plantar pressure at any site in either foot (kPa)* | 1,109 ± 173 | 1,085 ± 191 |
| Prior minor amputation|| | 21 (31.8%) | 24 (37.5%) |
| Foot deformity index*¶ | 28.4 ± 14.6 | 28.9 ± 17.3 |
| NeuroQOL*# | ||
| Physical symptoms | 1.56 ± 0.85 | 1.38 ± 0.87 |
| Psychological symptoms | 1.57 ± 1.13 | 1.64 ± 1.16 |
| Foot self-care*,** | ||
| Preventive | 0.66 ± 0.21 | 0.68 ± 0.20 |
| Avoid damaging behaviors | 0.88 ± 0.14 | 0.92 ± 0.12 |
| Falls | ||
| Number recalling a fall last year | 28 (42.4%) | 34 (53.1%) |
| Number who worry about falling (%)* | 47.1 ± 31.2 | 45.8 ± 33.9 |
NeuroQOL, neuropathy-specific quality of life. *Mean ± SD.
†Some selected more than one race.
‡Average of all legs.
§Some had more than one index ulcer.
||See exclusion criteria.
¶Scale 0–100.
#Scale 0–4, 0 = no symptoms.
**Scale 0–1, 1 = best behavior.