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This structural equation model examines the continuity (A’s and B’s) and bidirectional effects (C’s and D’s) between children’s externalizing behavior (EXT) and mothers’ depressive symptoms (MD) across the preschool years at age 3 (W1), the early school years at age 5 (W2), and middle childhood at age 10 (W3). E’s represent covariances between residual terms (e’s) accounting for shared error variance from similar times of measurement.
