Multiple-group SEM results indicate maternal depressive symptoms (MD) at age 3 (W1) predict high levels of externalizing behavior (EXT) at age 10 (W3), only among boys (Standardized estimates before parentheses, n = 118). Girls have less stable EXT from ages 5 (W2) to 10 (Estimates in parentheses, n = 106). Covariances, residuals, and nonsignificant paths are not shown. Chi-square difference values (Δχ2) indicate paths that differ by gender. χ2(13) = 10.19, p = .68, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = .00 [.00, .08].
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.