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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Feb;46(2):312–317. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a4e89c

Table 3.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident kidney cancer.

Each factor considered separately when adjusted for standard covariates* All factors included simultaneously in the model, adjusted for exercise and standard covariates.
No BMI adjustment Adjusted for BMI
BMI (per kg/m2) 1.118 (1.047, 1.180) P=0.002 1.059 (0.984, 1.128) P=0.12
Waist circumference (per cm) 1.046 (1.015, 1.074) P=0.005 1.013 (0.965, 1.062) P=0.59
Blood pressure medication use 2.784 (1.347, 5.454) P=0.007 2.456 (1.169, 4.905) P=0.02 2.208 (1.028, 4.487) P=0.04
Diabetes medication use 5.173 (1.508, 13.508) P=0.01 4.102 (1.166, 11.138) P=0.03 2.998 (0.829, 8.449) P=0.09
Smoking (pack-years) 1.015 (1.003, 1.025) P=0.02 1.013 (1.000, 1.023) P=0.04 1.012 (1.000, 1.021) P=0.04
Read meat (servings/d) 1.021 (0.448, 2.047) P=0.96 0.927 (0.397, 1.902) P=0.85
Fruit (pieces/d) 0.938 (0.724, 1.169) P=0.60 0.969 (0.748, 1.198) P=0.80
Alcohol (g/d) 0.989 (0.963, 1.010) P=0.34 0.988 (0.961, 1.010) P=0.31
Education (years) 0.932 (0.841, 1.036) P=0.19 0.931 (0.839, 1.036) P=0.19
*

Adjusted for age (age, age2), sex, and whether they were walkers or the 1st and 2nd recruitment of runners.