Table 2.
Reference values for fasting blood glucose (mg/dL), HbA1c (%), and fructosamine (mean; µmol/L) in nondiabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic primates
| Sooty mangabeys | Rhesus macaques | Cynomolgus macaques | Celebes crested macaques | Chimpanzees | Humans | |
| Fasting blood glucose | ||||||
| Nondiabetic | ≤ 135 | ≤ 80 | ≤ 70 | na | ≤ 105 | < 100 |
| Prediabetic | 135–175 | 81–100 | 71–99 | na | 106–119 | 100–125 |
| Diabetic | ≥ 175 | ≥ 100 | ≥ 100 | ≥ 140 | ≥ 120 | ≥ 126 |
| HbA1c | ||||||
| Nondiabetic | ≤ 5.3 | ≤ 4.7 | ≤ 5.0 | ≤ 3.1 | ≤ 5.0 | ≤ 5.6 |
| Prediabetic | 4.0–12.0 | 4.7–5.0 | 5.1–8.1 | 3.1–4.0 | 5.1–5.2 | 5.7–6.4 |
| Diabetic | ≥ 6.6 | ≥ 5.0 | ≥ 8.2 | ≥ 7.1 | ≥ 5.3 | ≥ 6.5 |
| Fructosamine | ||||||
| Nondiabetic | 197 | 193 | 185 | na | na | 227 |
| Prediabetic | 318 | na | na | na | na | na |
| Diabetic | 412 | na | 434 | na | na | 277 |