TABLE 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Category | Boys | Girls | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prepubertal (n = 26) | Postpubertal (n = 26) | Prepubertal (n = 24) | Postpubertal (n = 20) | ||
| Age, mean ± SEM, y | 8.62 ± 0.12a | 16.08 ± 0.12 | 8.38 ± 0.12a | 15.75 ± 0.14 | <.0001 |
| BMI, mean ± SEM | 19.19 ± 0.94a | 24.57 ± 0.94 | 17.12 ± 0.98a | 22.95 ± 1.07 | <.0001 |
| Average daily caffeine consumption, mean ± SEM, mg/d | 26.84 ± 6.83a | 92.34 ± 14.56 | 28.00 ± 7.48a | 61.91 ± 9.06 | <.0001 |
| Socioeconomic status, mean ± SEM | 50.9 ± 1.5b | 49.6 ± 1.9b | 45.1 ± 2.5 | 43.4 ± 2.3 | .004 |
| Child race/ethnicity, n (%) | .48 | ||||
| Asian | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Black or African American | 3 (13) | 5 (19) | 2 (9) | 6 (30) | |
| White | 20 (83) | 21 (81) | 19 (83) | 14 (70) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Parental education, n (%) | .48 | ||||
| High school | 1 (4) | 3 (12) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | |
| Some college | 3 (12) | 6 (23) | 5 (21) | 6 (30) | |
| Completed college | 13 (52) | 11 (42) | 7 (29) | 10 (50) | |
| Graduate school | 8 (32) | 6 (23) | 10 (42) | 4 (20) | |
| Household income, n (%) | .99 | ||||
| <$30 000 | 1 (4) | 2 (8) | 2 (10) | 3 (17) | |
| $30 000–$50 000 | 4 (17) | 5 (20) | 2 (10) | 3 (17) | |
| $50 000–$70 000 | 5 (22) | 2 (8) | 2 (10) | 1 (6) | |
| $70 000–$110 000 | 9 (39) | 11 (44) | 10 (48) | 8 (44) | |
| >$110 000 | 4 (17) | 5 (20) | 5 (21) | 2 (11) | |
| Socioeconomic status category, n (%) | .11 | ||||
| I | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| II | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 2 (8) | 4 (20) | |
| III | 9 (36) | 7 (27) | 9 (38) | 9 (45) | |
| IV | 15 (60) | 16 (62) | 12 (60) | 7 (35) | |
| V | 1 (4) | 1 (3) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
a
Significant difference by pubertal group (P < .0001).
b
Significant difference by gender (P < .05).