Table I. Neutrophil recruitment to HUVECs cultured alone or with and without being in juxtaposition to podocytes.

	TNF-α Stimulation (U/ml)
	0	10	100
HUVECs in monocultures	4.9 ± 1.5	15.7 ± 0.8*	24.57 ± 3.01**
HUVECs in direct contact with podocytes	11.43 ± 4.7	21.53 ± 5.7	38.7 ± 9.8*
HUVECs with no direct contact	5.7 ± 1.13	14.5 ± 1.9*	24.01 ± 1.6**

HUVECs and podocytes were seeded in juxtaposition on opposite sides of a porous insert, prior to stimulation with increasing concentrations of TNF-α (0–100 U/ml). HUVEC monocultures were assessed as controls. Neutrophils were allowed to adhere and migrate through the constructs. Neutrophil recruitment was assessed at 1 h and taken to represent all cells that had bound to the HUVECs (i.e., firmly adherent and transmigrated). Data are means ± SEM. n = 3 expressed as percentage of neutrophil recruitment of total added neutrophils.

Friedman test shows a significant effect of cytokine treatments on neutrophil recruitment (p < 0.001), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, compared with untreated within individual cultures by a Dunnett post hoc test.