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. 2014 Apr;11(4):587–594. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.01.013

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© 2014 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.

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ECM pacing spike voltage maps and activation maps. Left panel: Potential map of clinical PVC initiation (top) and activation map of biventricular global activation (below). Middle and right panels: Pacing spike voltage (top) and activation (bottom) maps created from mid-septal RVOT and anterolateral LVOT pacing, respectively. Despite the close anatomical proximity of the 2 pacing sites (red dot), the global activation demonstrates a clear difference, allowing localization of ectopy to the anterolateral LVOT. See accompanying supplementary videos. ECM = electrocardiographic mapping; LAO = left anterior oblique; LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract; PA = posteroanterior; PVC = premature ventricular complex; RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract.